Which document outlines the rights of American citizens?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it specifically enumerates the rights and freedoms guaranteed to American citizens. Ratified in 1791, the Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution and addresses fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, assembly, the right to bear arms, and protections against unreasonable searches and seizures.

While the Constitution as a whole establishes the framework of the United States government and outlines the structure, powers, and duties of that government, it is the Bill of Rights that explicitly details the individual liberties that citizens possess, making it a critical document relevant to the rights of American citizens. The Federalist Papers, on the other hand, are collection of essays that argue for the adoption of the Constitution and provide insight into the framers' intentions but do not enumerate specific rights. The Declaration of Independence, while foundational to American ideals and asserting the right to liberty, does not serve as a legal document outlining citizens' rights in the way the Bill of Rights does.