What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The correct answer identifies the two parts of the U.S. Congress as the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is essential for the functioning of the legislative branch of the federal government. Each chamber has distinct powers and responsibilities; for instance, the Senate is responsible for confirming presidential appointments and ratifying treaties, while the House of Representatives is directly involved in initiating revenue-related legislation.

Understanding this structure is crucial for grasping how laws are made in the United States and how representation is organized. The Senate consists of two senators from each state, providing equal representation, while the House's representation is based on state populations, ensuring that larger states have a proportional influence in legislative decisions.

The other options do not describe the structure of the U.S. Congress. The executive branch is separate and does not make laws, the judicial branch interprets laws, and the House of Commons and House of Lords pertain to the United Kingdom, highlighting the importance of recognizing the unique aspects of different governmental systems.